Thank you so much for Krupp field guns' delivery to China! This matches quite well with the Chinese source in my hand. My source stated that the first batch of 72 Krupp field and mountain guns were delivered in 1905(maybe the year is wrong), and it is possible that this batch was 36 field guns + 36 mountain guns. The later orders of Krupp L/30 field guns were probably conducted by regional armed forces.
In 1907 the (Imperial)Chinese Army Department held a competative test of L/28, L/29, L/30 and L/31 field guns produced by Krupp and Schneider in Changxindian(a town in today's Hebei Province) which lasted for 4 weeks. Eventually the Krupp L/29 7.5cm field guns were found to be the best(lighter while still have enough power). Then they were selected as the standard type.
So it's possible that the two Krupp guns in Chinese Military Museum can be seen as the representatives of the two different types of guns used by Imperial Chinese Army... Those people who picked weapons for the military museum in 1950s did have sharp eyes.
Armstrong Puzzuoli under licence from Krupp. Is this true?
Oh yes as the "Canione da 75/27 modello 06(it was actually a liense-built Krupp 7,5cm L.30-the Italians used a different method for calculating the no. of calibers. I was assured by a former Chilean officer that these were virtually identical to the Chilean mod. 1910 7,5cm L.30..and one more point about the Krupp10,5cm. L.16 howitzers acquired by Chile: In Historia del Ejercito de Chile (Estado Mayor del Ejercito, Santiago, 1987) pag. 170 they list the armament as follows: 75 mm Krupp 1898 mn gun (used as infantry weapon) Krupp field gun 75 mm mod. 1910 and..Krupp 105 mm how. mod. 1911
Other sources refer to it as the mod. 1910
Cheers
Brunner
-- Edited by Brunner88 on Wednesday 14th of November 2012 04:15:36 PM
-- Edited by Brunner88 on Wednesday 14th of November 2012 04:16:26 PM
-- Edited by Brunner88 on Wednesday 14th of November 2012 04:17:51 PM
-- Edited by Brunner88 on Wednesday 14th of November 2012 04:19:20 PM
I don't think there's an inconsistency in the Chilean 1910 delivery - many armies used 6 gun batteries of light field guns before WW1 so 20 batteries = 120 guns.
I can't comment on the 1912 delivery whether it was 10.5cm howitzers or 7.5cm guns - no independent information.
I know Herr Jaeger got his data from a copy of Krupp's delivery book - this covers 1879? - 1911 plus 1912 in handwritten form. It's one of the few Krupp documents
to survive.
Taki (Takihome) believes that some Type 38 guns were sold to Ecuador but didn't know when. The number 24 I picked up on the Axishistory forum.
I don't know anything about the Chilean M1891 Mountain Gun - the markings could be on the breech ring, top of the breech or the rear of the barrel - Krupp inscribed
export guns according to the client's wishes so there isn't a standard place. I'd guess there isn't a model number on the gun just a build date.
I'd really like to get detailed images of the Chilean 75mm - many of these guns had ciphers cast into the barrels - no idea what the Chilean cipher would look like.
Similarly with the surviving Brazilian 75mm at Rio de Janiero.
I tend to triaugulate my sources 1) Reseñas Históricas de las Uniaddes e Institutos del Ejército Chileno (Estado Mayor del Ejército, Bibliotéca Militar, Santiago , Chile, 1987) pag.344 "In Jan. 1939 the Aertillery School was constituted by
There's a 4th source (which I could not locate,perhaps I left it in my son's home.will have to check, it's a History of the Artillery School of the Chilean Army..
All the Argentine Krupps I've seen (and photographed have, for example "Krupp mod. no......" stamped on the breech-and the year in which they were manufactured stamped on teh right side of the barrel (take a look at the militaruarg forum until I can figure out how to laod pics here..
Will see what I can do re pics of the Chilean Krupp 7,5cm mod. 1910
Taki (Takihome) believes that some Type 38 guns were sold to Ecuador but didn't know when. The number 24 I picked up on the Axishistory forum
They weren't, in fact Ecuador was in such a state financial stringency, that a shipment of Italian weapons(including some ultra modern modern Italian-built 75mm L.18 mod. 1934 mn guns, ammunition for these and teh Breda 20 mms was shipped by the Italian authorities, but since Ecuador failed to pay for the equipment already received, the ship returned to Italy. A Type 38 is preserved at Callao, Peru.
Cheers!
-- Edited by Brunner88 on Wednesday 14th of November 2012 12:29:27 PM
-- Edited by Brunner88 on Wednesday 14th of November 2012 12:32:59 PM
Brunner88 wrote:... P.S. how do I post photos in this forum?
For pictures on your PC? Use the "Advanced Editor" - that is
"Reply" button or
"Quote" button or
"Advanced Editor" button from "Quick Reply"
- then, when ready, use the "Attach File(s)" button on the edit page and follow the directions, "Browse" to the image location, etc.. That process uploads image (or document) file(s) to the forum.
Anything located (hosted on-line) elsewhere, you can use "img tags" as mentioned in http://www.activeboard.com/misc/howto.spark?aBID=63528. Those images remain at the remote location (and generally fade from human ken over a period of years) but you may be able to use larger sizes and higher resolutions in the image as displayed within the topic. There's also an "Insert/edit image" icon (a picture of a tree) in the toolbar above the edit box that may be used - haven't tried that one myself but the dialog box it pulls up looks straight-forward enough.
There's a different interface with those new-fangled mobile thingys that I haven't explored but which other members do use (judging by their 'orrible formatting) and they can no doubt advise accordingly.
Searching this forum will regurgitate other explanations/directions from earlier topics (several of them specific to this matter) which may be helpful if still struggling.
Steve
-- Edited by Rectalgia on Wednesday 14th of November 2012 06:32:09 AM
Your information is partly right and partly wrong ( so was mine, inadvertedly, as I took data from German Militrary Jopurnals of the 1930s as accurate.)Chile received 20 bateries of Krupp mod.1910 7,5cm L.30 and 32 Krupp 10,5cm L.16 howitzers..and this data also comes from Krupp documents..
Ecuador did not receive any Japanese Type 38(much less 24) but Peru did, a(2 batereis of 6 gns each) in 1932-33,as part of a build-up for teh short-lived Leticia conflict with Peru..All the Ecuatoreans feelded in 1941 were som eItalian mod. 1913 65 mm L.17 mn guns, a pair of ancient Skoda 47 mms,and a few Maxim 75 mm mn. guns, apart from a number of Breda 20mm L.35 mod.1935 A.A. guns
By the way Charly, about Paul, your photos of the Chilean mod.1891 mn. gun, is that the model designation on the breech, or in the side of the barrel?
Cheers!
Brunner
P.S. how do I post photos in this forum?
-- Edited by Brunner88 on Wednesday 14th of November 2012 05:19:25 AM
-- Edited by Brunner88 on Wednesday 14th of November 2012 05:36:53 AM
Maybe the Korean War was the last time these guns saw combat? Here I attach a photo of a Type 38 used by Chinese army in the Korean War, now on display in South Korea.
Do you know how many 75mm Krupp guns Chile received?
The breech on the Argentine guns looks very much like the Krupp patent for an interrupted screw breech - US Patent number: 621581 patented Mar 21 1899
Use google patent search for the details. I don't know what the Sellstrom-Nordenfelt breech looked like but if it's anything like the breech on the French Mle 1897 gun
Regarding the Chilean artilery piece in the color pic, it's a Krupp 75 mmL.30 mod.1910-As far as Argentine field pieces-The original order for Krupp 75 mm L.30 mod. 1909s was indeed, 76 bateries (456 guns) but increase by an additional 14 bateries, thus in all 540 cannon. What made these guns different from the other Krupp 75 mm L.30 was the fact that they employed a Selstrom-Nordenfelt screw-disk rather than the traditional Krupp wedge-breech mecanism..Max. Range was 7.000 meters.. Argentine Bofors 75 mm L.40 mod. 1935-The story about "12 mod. 1935s seized by Sweden" is ...just a story-delivery of the mod.1935s to Argentina was completed by FEb/ 1939(most had arrived in 1938)-and it can be seen by the c/n that all 224 were delivered. The Swedish mod.1940, while similar is not dentical, diferent muzzle brake, wheels, and shorter range.. Cheers!
The Selstrom-Nordelfelt (Vickers) was different from the French Model 1897-In fact the Selstrom-Nordenfelt was fitted to the Argetine Krupp 7,5cm L.24 mod. 1895, 7,5cm L.28 mo.1898 field guns, and the Krupp 7,5cm L.13 mod. 1898 mountain guns by Krupp-Vickers requested 9,000 pounds, of which Krupp paid 5,000, and he Argentine Government the rest..A word about the 1898 L.28s, they were fitted with a shield and hydraulic reoil mechanisms and designated Mod. 1905,used until the mod. 1909s arrived, then placed in reserve. One of these, modified to fire the Mod. 1909 shell was converted into an A.A. gun at the Esteban de Luca Arsenal in 1927
The first Krupps were 10 7,5cm L.13 mountain guns acquired from private merchants by the Argentine Army in 1865,and used during the Paraguayan War (1865-1870) The various 7,5cm L.13 utilized by Argentina, Bolivia and Peru (guns supplied by the Argentine gov't in both cases) Chile, Brazil were essentially the same in terms of shell, max. range, etc. Paraguay acquired 6 7,5cm L.13 (with shield) in 1907, and Chile an ndetermined number as the Mo.1914..
As far as the Chilean Krupp 7,5cm L.30 is concerned: 30 bateries (180 guns) were acquired.
Cheers!
-- Edited by Brunner88 on Tuesday 13th of November 2012 03:04:24 PM
Here's my photo of the breech of that gun(in the background) in Chinese Military Museum. You can see it has a sliding wedge breechblock - so it's impossible to be a Type 41(and, the shield also doesn't match).
I have just come up with a theory regarding its smaller wheels - I think it's possible that this old gun's original wheels were damaged during one of those numerous battles in China during 1904 -1949, and were replaced with wheels for mountain guns
Here I also contribute a plan of Japanese Type 41 cavalary gun, taken from a Japanese magazine. It seems to me that Type 41 has narrower track than regular Krupp guns.
The gun closest to camera is a Model 1905 or later - the breech is similar to the 7.7cm FK 96 n.A (the first attached image is a Model 1909 gun).
The gun with the smaller wheels could be an earlier model since I can't see the breech actuating lever so it could be an early breech (the second image is
a Model 1903 gun).
There seems to be a manufacturer's plate on the side of the trail of the gun with the small wheels. The markings on the breech rings or the top of the
breeches probably would tell us where and when the guns were manufactured.
Thanks for the Type 41 Cavalry Gun plan - there isn't much information around about this gun.
Regards,
Charlie
-- Edited by CharlieC on Monday 12th of November 2012 09:57:21 AM
The gun certainly is a 75mm Krupp or Japanese licence built Type 38.
I have my doubts whether the 75mm Krupp gun was made in 1912 since it has the early narrow gun shield and has a foresight (right side of the receiver) for an arc
sight. The later model guns didn't have the foresight since they used the Goertz panoramic gun sight - even though most of the early guns were retrofitted with the
Goertz sight they kept the foresight. The only way to be certain is to look at the breech markings.
The wheels are much smaller diameter than the standard 1.3m and the lower part of the gun shield is folded up which seeems to make the gun look smaller. The
gun at the right is a better candidate for a 1912 build date since it has the gun shield introduced in the Model 1905/6 guns.
For unknown reason it's very slow and uneasy for me to post images on my computer, so I can only upload one photo that I think is the most interesting.
Hopefully someone can answer your query about the gun in Chinese Military Museum in Beijing - but as to difficulty in uploading images, I suggest you try at some time removing (from your member profile) your "signature" image http://www.beiyang.org/wenku/images/PingYuenx.JPG for a posting trial without it. Linked images are always problematical (in more ways than one) and it may be the server overheads which are conflicting with your ability to post (other) images into the forum. You can always restore it if there is no improvement.
Taki (http://www3.plala.or.jp/takihome/) says the total production was 400.
I took the liberty to ask about this on the Missing Lynx Japanese Modelling forum. There was one reply: Taki himself confirmed his position: "400 were not new built, but converted from original Type 38. So, 400 are included in 2,000 of original Type 38."
For unknown reason it's very slow and uneasy for me to post images on my computer, so I can only upload one photo that I think is the most interesting.
Take a look at this gun in Chinese Military Museum in Beijing. It is said to be a German Krupp 7.5cm field gun made in 1912. However, it can be easily seen that this gun looks much lighter than a regular Krupp export field gun, and has smaller wheels(you can compare it to the gun on the right - this is a "normal" German Krupp export gun). And it's definitely not a Japanese Type 41.
Can anyone tell me what gun is it??
P.S. This gun has a sliding breech block.
-- Edited by kkfj1 on Sunday 11th of November 2012 03:42:49 AM
Hello, I must say I love this post very much! After all, they were the main gun of Chinese artillery for almost 50 years... Few people know that China also produced its own copy of Krupp 7.5cm export field gun in early 1920s, although in modest numbers. We Chinese call them "Type 10". The most interesting things I read about Chinese-made Krupp 7.5cm field guns is that a few of them had barrels that can be screwed down to 2 (or 3, cant remember) parts in order to be easily transported in mountainous areas in China. I wonder if similar designs were used in other countries.
I think the swarm has been pretty successful on the Krupp 75mm. I guess I should start to pull it all together in an article - it's going to be big.
It would be great if it could include a spotter's guide to the different versions (like model 1903, 1905, etc.), much like your reply to my question in the earlier thread how to tell a 77mm n. A. from the 75mm guns.
28juin14 posted a very instructive sketch of the gunshield variants yesterday.
It is that kind of extra info that modellers and wargamers need, so including it would broaden the potential readership. Regards, Pat
I have been in two minds about adding this gun but I guess it was a rebuilt Krupp 75mm
In 1939 Turkey produced perhaps 200 75mm L/35 guns which appear to have used some components from the pre-WW1 75mm Krupp guns.
The origins of the gun design are obscure. In the 20s and 30s there was a relationship between the "Dutch" firm HiH and its successor HiH Siderius and
Turkey. HiH had proposed a further update of the Dutch 7-veld design with an L/35 barrel. There is no available documentation but the 1939 Turkish
design looks very much like the HiH Siderius design. HiH Siderius went bankrupt in 1934 so would have had no direct role in the Turkish design.
I've never seen any performance data for the Turkish gun but it probably was similar to the FK 16 n.A with a max. range of about 12,000m.
The 75mm Turkish guns served into the 1950s.
First image is an HiH drawing and the rest from a surviving gun in Turkey. The two cylinders projecting out below the breech appear to be equilibrators.
Hopefully this swarm effort will find the final word on the question in which numbers the Japanese model 38 guns in their orginal form were employed in WW2. The following 112 pages volume leads to the conclusion: They were few.
The "Japanese Field Artillery" volume of the U. S. Military Intelligence Division, published in October, 1944, is available online.
It portraits quite a lot of Japanese guns, but while it details the improved model 38 (including five images) it doesn't do so for the original model 38. It also says: "Until the Model 95 75-mm gun was found on Saipan, the only 75-mm pieces that forces have encountered on a large-scale have been the improved Model 38 and the Model 94 mountain gun." (p. 29)
It gives around 1915 as a starting date for the model 38 improvement programm and says elsewhere: "During World War I the Japanese made major modifications in the construction of the Model 38 (1905) 75-mm gun. The piece was trunnioned forward and equilibrators were added to compensate for muzzle heaviness. The plain box trail was modified into an open box. This allowed for an elevation of 43°. Axle traverse was retained, thus limiting the effectiveness of this piece as an antitank weapon. The hydrospring recoil mechanism also remained, but was made variable to permit firing at high elevations. Although the Japanese have produced far more modern 75-mm guns in the Models 90 and 95, there is little evidence that the Improved Model 38 has been generally replaced as the standard light division artillery piece."
"From 1915 to 1930 large-scale field artillery production was apparently confined to the Model 4, the improved Model 38, and the Model 41 (1908) mountain gun." (p. 27)
Data given:
"GENERAL Weapon: 75-mm gun, Model 38 (1905) improved.
General Characteristics: A modification of one of the 1905 series of Japanese guns providing it with greater flexibility.
Identification:
1. Modified boxtrail. 2. Long cradle flush with muzzle of piece. 3. Marking on breech face.
Organization to Whicn Issued: Division artillery.
FIRING CHARACTERISTICS
Length of Tube-...... .........--.. 7 ft. 6 in. 31 calibers. Muzzle Velocity .....-HE Shell 1,640f /s. Pointed Shell 1,977.8 f /s. Maximum Range ......-HE Shell 8,938 yards. Pointed Shell 13,080 yards. Elevation -....---43°. Depression ..--...-8 . Traverse ...-.... -------------3 30' right, 3 30' left Rate of Fire: 2 minutes .. ......... 15 rpm. 15 minutes-........----------4 rpm. Continuous.. -....-------100-120rph.
Ammunition-... ---------HE, APHE, shrapnel, pointed, incendiary, smoke, illuminating. Type of Breechblock ..... -....---.... Horizontal sliding wedge. Type of Firing Mechanism ..................... Continuous pull percussion (Krupp type).
CONSTRUCTION AND MOVEMENT DATA
Weight of Gun: Firing----2,501.5 lb. Traveling ---4,207.4 lb. Over-all Length: Firing-....-.-17 ft. Traveling ... ..----29 ft. 4 in. Width: Track.-...-------------------4 ft. 6 in. Maximum.-..------------------5 ft. 2 in. Height--..--------------4 ft. 10 in. Road Clearance ........---------------.1 ft. 4 in. Method of Transport ..-....---------------Horse-drawn-six horses. Practical Speed on Good Roads .... 24.8 miles per day. Time to Emplace...-.---------------.----2 minutes. Type of Traverse ...-.. ...----------------Axle. Type of Equilibrator...-.--..... Spring. Type of Brakes -..---------------------..--Hand friction brake (ordinary wagon brake). Wheels and Tires ...............---.----------Wood spoked artillery wheels; steel band. Trail ..--- ----------------------Modified box adjustable spade. Recoil System: Standard.-.-------------------19.5-48.8 in. Maximum .-......------------------48.8 in. Type of Recoil System -...-----------------Hydrospring automatically variable. Quantity Fluid Recoil Cylinder ....-... 4.7 qt."
The original model 38 makes an appearance in the chapter about "Obsolete or Obsolescent Equipment": "Certain Japanese artillery weapons, first standardized in 1905, are probably no longer in general use among frontline units. These pieces, the Model 38 series, were manufactured in four calibers-75-mm, 105-mm, 120-mm, and 150-mm. (...) Although their ranges appear to be inadequate for use against a modern army, these pieces were still being employed by the Japanese in China only a few years ago."
The barrels on the Dutch 75mms were heavily engraved with a motto and royal cipher of Queen Wilhelmina. As well as the 204 guns received from Krupp the Dutch State Arsenal
also built 100 guns.
The Dutch 75mm guns were rebuilt starting in 1926 to increase the max. elevation. The company that rebuilt the guns was HiH (Hollandsche Industirn Handelmaatschappij)
(later HiH Siderius) which is an interesting story in itself. Under the Versailles Treaty Germany was forbidden to have armament manufacturers. Rheinmetall relocated to Holland
buying out HiH and remained in Holland until the 1930 when it sold the majority holding to the Dutch Siderius company . The HiH rebuild of the Krupp 75mms resulted in a gun
which looked very much like an 7.7cm FK 16 with a short barrel. Notable was the relocation
of the trunnions to the rear of the gun and the trail was opened out to permit the gun to recoil safely at high elevations. With a modified shell the 7-veld had a max. range of
10,000m. Some 280 guns were rebuilt by HiH.
The story of HiH and HiH Siderius is documented at: http://www.overvalwagen.com/HIHSiderius.html
A further modification to permit the modified 7-veld gun to be loaded onto the tray of a truck was to make the rear section of the trail foldable. It's not known when this modification
Here's a few notes I made from more than 10 years ago. I'm guessing they are reasonably applicable to this tread. To me, the splinter shield variations were interesting. Please note the splinter shield "hoods" also varied; some full size others cut back. Also the axle tree seat rails changed from model to model.